The eruption produced over 540 million tons of ash covering an area of more than 22,000 square miles. Traditionally, the book of Revelation has been dated near the end of the first century, around A.D. 96. One day, Jupiter had a terrible headache that wouldn’t subside. Table 1. Much of the field lies within Coconino and Kaibab National Forests. In the not so distant past, basalt lava flows from Vulcan's Throne and other volcanic vents in the Uinkaret volcanic field spilled into Grand Canyon damming the Colorado River. ... is forced to abdicate the throne by the Petrograd insurgents, and a provincial government is installed in his place. The San Francisco Volcanic Field, which covers about 1,800 square miles, is part of northern Arizona’s spectacular landscape. Vulcans have what are called "anterior tricuspids" in the Star Trek universe. Volcanic activity has continued into the Holocene. The large cinder cone on the rim is Vulcan's Throne. Although there has been no eruption for nearly 1,000 years, it is likely that eruptions will occur again in the San Francisco Volcanic Field. The USGS has now revealed the cause of the volcano’s unimaginably violent eruptions and whether Yellowstone could ever erupt again. Since then, much of the mountain has been removed to create the “Inner Basin.” The missing material may have been removed quickly and explosively by an eruption similar to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, or it may have been removed slowly and incrementally by a combination of large landslides, water erosion, and glacial scouring. According to the legends, whenever Venus had an affair, Vulcan would get so angry he would erupt a volcano. The Vulcan's Throne basalt cinder cone formed in the Pleistocene about 73,000 years ago. Vulcan made thrones for the other gods to sit on in Mount Etna. The cones and flows have formed in the last 2 million years. By the 24th century, the Romulan Star Empire was one of the major powers in the galaxy. After examining the Santa Clara Volcanic Field by Zion National Park and St. George, Utah that was last active 32,000 years ago, the USGS did not give it an eruption threat rating as too much time has elapsed and there isn’t evidence of magma movement or melts in the region. The more silica in a magma, the higher its viscosity, or resistance to flow. July 28, 2019. Ireland's Volcanoes currently pose no danger to Ireland's residents, but the island is known for its reoccurring history of volcanic eruptions. Although you can see the cones of Vulcans Throne from the Colorado River at mile 183, the only way to access this spot is to drive to Toroweap Overlook and hike a short distance. The last Great Conjunction in Aquarius happened in 1405, and the last time Jupiter and Saturn lined up in this same part of the sky, in exactly this way, was 800 years ago. Without the volcanoes, this region would be a flat, arid plateau. – Members of the first Jacobite Rising attempt, and fail, to recapture the castle They are built when gas-charged frothy blobs of basalt magma are erupted as an upward spray, or lava fountain. "Vulcans' Behavior on the Streets … 520.621.2470 | 1955 East 6th Street, P.O. Users are responsible for verification of all facts and information to their own satisfaction. Basalt has the lowest viscosity of all common magmas. Through his identification with the Hephaestus of Greek mythology, he came to be considered as the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, je… The Uinkaret volcanic field is an active Pleistocene-Holocene volcanic field situated on the north rim of Grand Canyon. Following the Great Fire of Rome, the Emperor, Domitian decided to build a magnifcent shrine to Vulcan … It did not last long, but it allowed him to turn his attention and that of his most formidable general, Belisarius, to the West. Vulcans Throne views (GCG7H2) was created by Team Scotti on 6/3/2003. It's a Virtual size geocache, with difficulty of 2.5, terrain of 3. Basic Information. Little did she know that her young boy would grow to be a very talented blacksmith for all the gods and goddesses of Olympus. Where the term Volcano came from: The word “volcano” was derived from the Italian word “vulcano” from the Latin “vulcanus” meaning “burning mountain”. As Nero died, he proclaimed “what an artist dies with me” in a piece of arrogant melodrama which has come to symbolise the worst and most ludicrous excesses of his 13-year reign. Again superior to what? 2018-12-30 2018-12-30 2012-04-26 . Because basalt has a low viscosity (more watery), they can flow on the surface better. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian-backed terrorist. The Romulans were biological cousins of Vulcans, descended from those who rejected Surak's reforms during the Time of Awakening. From Game of Thrones to Beyonce, from politics to Captain America. So when these types of volcanoes erupt, lava flows outwards large distances.. For a shield volcano, violent explosions are possible. © 2020 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of The University of Arizona. They function in a similar fashion to human "bicuspids," but they have three cusps instead of two. While the land's volcanism dates back to before the Zealandia microcontinent rifted away from Gondwana 60–130 million years ago, activity continues today with minor eruptions occurring every few years. Sugarloaf Mountain, at the entrance to San Francisco Mountain’s Inner Basin, is a rhyolite lava dome. Almost all hills and mountains between Flagstaff and the Grand Canyon are geologically young but extinct volcanoes of the San Francisco Volcanic Field. The closest cinder cone to the Canyon is Vulcan’s Throne, a late Quaternary eruption on the Toroweap Fault. Lava domes are formed by dacite and rhyolite magmas, which have high silica contents. Last updated 2011-03-29 The people of Pompeii were quite unprepared for the eruption of Vesuvius - getting on with their busy lives, in total ignorance of what was to come. Why does Northern Arizona have so many geologically young volcanoes? In the not so distant past, basalt lava flows from Vulcan's Throne and other volcanic vents in the Uinkaret volcanic field spilled into Grand Canyon damming the Colorado River. Undaunted, they continue their visit only to be shot and killed a short time later by a lone assassin. Since 781 AD, Mount Fuji has erupted 16 times. This dome is thought to be endogenous, but its forest cover hides direct evidence of its internal structure. – Charles I becomes the last Scottish monarch to inhabit Edinburgh Castle 1650 C.E. Forest life zones in the region range from Piñon-Juniper at lower elevations through Ponderosa Pine to Fir and Bristlecone Pine at the highest elevations. This page details the history of the Romulans and their Empire. Select The Choice That Lists In Chronological Order From Oldest To Youngest. Elden Mountain, at the eastern outskirts of Flagstaff, is an excellent example of an exogenous dacite dome and consists of several overlapping lobes of lava. The size of volcanic eruptions is determined by the amount of lava emitted. Rome’s first Imperial dynasty – the descendants of Julius Caesar and Augustus – was ended in 68 AD when its last and most infamous ruler took his own life. They started with the Vandal kingdom in North Africa. Dacite and rhyolite are so viscous that they tend to pile up and form very steep-sided bulbous masses (domes) at the site of eruption. His mother, Juno, tried to throw him off a cliff, but failed to kill her son. On May 22, 1915, a large explosive eruption at the summit of Lassen Peak, California, the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range, devastated nearby areas and rained volcanic ash as far away as 280 miles to the east. The cones and flows have formed in the last 2 million years. Monthly Loss Summary - 22 British, Allied and neutral ships of 133,000 tons in the Atlantic from all causes. His Greek counterpart is Hephaestus, the god of fire and smithery. June 28, 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife, visit Sarajevo in Bosnia. When tourists entered White Island, they walked into a crater that could erupt at any time. Two of the most prominent landmarks are Vulcan's Throne, a 73,000 years old cinder cone on the north rim, and Vulcan's Forge, a small volcanic neck erupted within the Colorado River, 1000 m below. One lava flow, from Little Springs, south of Pliocene Mount Trumbull, has a cosmogenic helium age of 1300 +/- 500 years BP. Accuracy is not guaranteed, and the information contained or linked on this website should not be relied on except as general information. The basalt of Mount Trumbull is the oldest unit and erupted atop Mount Trumbull, the highest mountain (2447 m, 8029 ft) in the volcanic field. The Vulcan's Throne basalt cinder cone formed in the Pleistocene about 73,000 years ago. The Empire ruled by terror, its Imperial Starfleet acting as its iron fist. It's located in Arizona, United States.This virtual cache is located in the remote area of Vulcans Throne on the north rim of the Grand Canyon near Toroweap Overlook. Little did she know that her young boy would grow to be a very talented blacksmith for all the gods and goddesses of Olympus.. Vulcan made thrones for the other gods to sit on in Mount Etna. Author: Spencer, E. J. Vulcan was the god of forges and anvils, and was also associated with volcanoes; the eruption of Mt. Eruption fear in Iceland as a DOUBLE earthquake rocks massive Katla volcano. In the Imperial Starfleet, officers often promoted themselves by killing superiors that did not follow the rules of the Empire. Both Whig and Tory politicians invited William to bring an army to England to redress the nation’s grievances. Author: Damon, E.P. The Vulcans' antics continued to make for less-than-flattering, semi-accusatory headlines throughout the 1980s, i.e. It is largely Pleistocene in age, and Vulcan's Throne has a cosmogenic helium age of about 73,000 years. (STO video game: Star Trek Online)Much of Vulcan pre-history was a mixture of myth and legends, one of which stated that their race was seeded by the Preservers, or the race that Sargon belonged to. Low-viscosity magma produces cinder cones and thin sheet-like lava flows, and intermediate-viscosity magma creates moderately steep mountains called stratovolcanoes. A volcano is an opening where magma erupts onto the surface as lava after rising from deep within the Earth. Author: Shafiqullah, M. Author: Harris, R.C. The work of USGS scientists, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, has led to a better understanding of the history of volcanism in the San Francisco Volcanic Field. View is to the northeast. However, if a Vulcan did let loose with a wide grin, you might notice a thing or two that would surprise you. 1. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists believe that the most probable sites of future eruptions are in the eastern part of the field and that the eruptions are likely to be small. November 5, 2009. Here the lava flowed from this cone right down into the canyon. Mythology. Vesuvius in Pompeii took place the day after the Vulcanalia festival ended. Queen Elizabeth II has been the nation’s Head of State for as long as many of us can remember. In mythology, Vulcan was married to Venus, the goddess of love and beauty. San Francisco Mountain and Sunset Crater are only two of the hundreds of volcanoes in the San Francisco Volcanic Field, which covers about 1,800 square miles of northern Arizona. Some writers, however, have advanced the preterist (from a Latin word meaning “that which is past”) view, contending that the Apocalypse was penned around A.D. 68 or 69, and thus the thrust of the book is supposed to relate to the impending destruction of Jerusalem (A.D. 70). Some geologists suggest that there is a site of localized melting, or “hot spot,” fixed deep within the Earth’s mantle beneath northern Arizona. Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: VA AT 20201223/0010Z 5NM W OF RJFK FL060 EXTD SE REPORTED Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTED AT 20201222/2030Z FL060 EXTD E OBS VA DTG:22/2030Z Reventador (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. If, however, magma breaks out through a dome’s flank during inflation and adds new lava layers to the outer surface, the final dome is called exogenous. Neither the photon torpedo nor the Enterprise E use warp technology during this period, and since they both occur at the start-point of The Phoenix's journey, not its end-point, there's no reason for the Vulcan vessel to detect them at all. His mother, Juno, tried to throw him off a cliff, but failed to kill her son.Instead, she put him in a volcano and told him to stay there for most of his young life. Vulcans Throne. Mount Saint Helens is a volcano located in Skamania County, Washington in the Northwest region of the United States of America. Vulcans Throne is approximately 1 mile west of Toroweap Overlook on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon. Vulcan was born extremly ugly. Probably. Eruptions of high-viscosity magma build very steep-sided lava domes. The biggest eruption in the United States (and the 20th century), however, was the Novarupta (Katmai) Volcano in Alaska that erupted in 1912 with almost 3 times the volume of the Mount St. Helen’s eruption. Cinder cones are relatively small, usually less than 1,000 feet tall, and form within months to years. Subsequently, a several-mile-wide belt of successively younger eruptions migrated eastward, to the area of modern Flagstaff, and even a bit beyond, toward the valley of the Little Colorado River. These future eruptions may provide spectacular volcanic displays but should pose little hazard because of their small size and the relative remoteness of the area. Torture was a common form of interrogation and discipline. If a lava dome grows entirely by internal inflation, similar to a balloon, it is called an endogenous dome. – Oliver Cromwell executes Charles I and captures the castle 1689 C.E. Obviously many of the technologies in Star Trek were invented by Humans, or developed during the Federation era, but there's also a lot that seems to have been given/sold/traded/taught to Humanity in the early Warp era by other races, most importantly the Vulcans after First Contact. There is a Vulcan’s Forge which is either the remnant of dike – sill system well into the canyon or the remains of a lava flow. You contain multitudes and so do we. The ancient inhabitants of this area must have witnessed the eruption of nearby Sunset Crater, the State’s youngest volcano, which erupted in about A.D. 1064. Minerva. The large cinder cone on the rim is Vulcan's Throne. Vulcan was born extremely ugly. The Vulcans were once an extremely violent and emotional people, waging almost constant warfare on each other. Vulcans Throne is one of the more unusual summits of the Grand Canyon. The largest eruption over the past 2 centuries was Tambora in Indonesia in 1815. 3 Photosets. Vulcan's Throne. This lava typically squeezes out from the base of the cone and tends to flow away for a substantial distance because of its low viscosity. What are Volcano Hazards? Justinian I, Byzantine emperor (527–565), noted for his administrative reorganization of the imperial government and for his sponsorship of a codification of laws known as the Code of Justinian (Codex Justinianus; 534). The San Francisco Volcanic Field also includes several lava domes. During the crisis that followed, Europe's leaders made a series of political, diplomatic and military decisions that would turn a localised conflict in south-east Europe into a global war. Vulcan's Throne, about a mile (1.7 km) west of Toroweap overlook, is part of the Uinkaret volcanic field. I'd bet the upper 30% of Vulcans are as good as an augment in scientific and mathematic abilities. Around 370 AD, the philosopher Surakled his people in a great reformation to reject their emotions in favor of a philosophy that embraced pure logic. Lava flows near Vulcan's Throne cascaded into the inner gorge of … Box 210184, Tucson, AZ 85721. Most of the more than 600 volcanoes in the San Francisco Volcanic Field are basalt cinder cones. The Largest Volcano Eruptions | John Seach. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 017-01, The San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, Susan S. Priest, Wendell A. Duffield, Karen Malis-Clark, James W. Hendley II, and Peter H. Stauffer. SP Crater, 25 miles north of Flagstaff, is an excellent example of a cinder cone and its associated lava flow. Susan S. Priest, Wendell A. Duffield, Karen Malis-Clark, James W. Hendley II, and Peter H. Stauffer, Graphic design by Stephen L. Scott Banner design by Bobbie Myers Web layout by Carolyn Donlin, COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS Bureau of Land Management National Park Service U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Hiking info, trail maps, and 4 trip reports from Vulcans Throne (5,098 ft) in Arizona Most of the Uinkaret field lies north of the Grand Canyon on the … The journals of traveler George Corning Fraser record a trip to the summit of Vulcan's Thr… Once that Hera had her name day celebration and there was a big party on Mount Olympus, Hephaestus gave her a golden throne. A new eruption could happen at any time. Learn more about his life and accomplishments in this article. This work is only part of the USGS Volcano Hazards Program’s ongoing efforts to protect people’s lives and property in all of the volcanic regions of the United States, including the Pacific Northwest, eastern California, Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii. Most volcanoes are located near boundaries of the Earth’s tectonic plates, but Arizona is well within the interior of the North American Plate. That doesn’t mean, however, that this VF is extinct. It sits on the edge of a 1,000 m deep inner gorge. A "frozen" lava falls in the inner gorge of the Grand Canyon near mile Mile 183. A group of dissenters, known as "those who march beneath the ra… The varied forests and geologic features of the San Francisco Volcanic Field offer diverse recreational opportunities, including camping, hiking, mountain biking, wildlife viewing, and winter sports. The University makes no warranties or representations of any kind, and specifically disclaims all warranties including the warranty of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hephaestus (Vulcan) Greek God - Art Picture by Elder_of_the_Earth For two whole months, Hephaestus put all his art to achieve the best result. Culturess is an entertainment and lifestyle site for women, covering movies, TV, fashion, celebrities, food, music, books and more. Here is a 360-degree look at the volatile volcano. With an average interval of several thousand years between past periods of volcanic activity, it is impossible to forecast when the next eruption will occur. Volcanic activity is escalating in a region of Iceland that has not erupted for 800 years, with scientists warning it could cause disruption for centuries to come.. After Earth and space-based geodetic measurements indicated ongoing surface uplift above the Socorro Magma Body at approximately 2 mm/year, it was reclassified as inactive or dormant . Question: Each Answer Below Lists Three Events That Occurred During The Geologic History Of The Grand Canyon. Plenty of Vulcans especially those in the upper 10 percent are smarter than the average Soong Augment. Lava flows near Vulcan's Throne cascaded into the inner gorge of … After a supernova destroyed the Romulan sun, the Romulan Free State became the official government. Unlike the various sandstone and limestone buttes, temples and spires scattered across the canyon, Vulcans Throne is a cinder cone, with fresh volcanic rock spilling down its’ slopes into the Colorado River below. He was possessed even before birth by the spirit of the lord of the Burning Legion, Sargeras. This is the reason there are so very many volcanoes. Shield volcanoes are a type of volcano that tend to erupt basalt lava. Three ships out of the 27 in unescorted convoy HG3 were sunk, but the experiment was repeated only a few times. Vulcan is believed to have last erupted around 150,000 years ago. Vulcan's Throne, Uinkaret volcanic field, North Rim of Grand Canyon, Uinkaret volcanic field, North Rim of Grand Canyon. As the North American Plate moves slowly westward over this stationary source of molten rock (magma), eruptions produce volcanoes that are strung out progressively eastward. By Tom Fish PUBLISHED: 17:59, Mon, Aug 12, 2019 "Vokun's Throne Room may be accessed by utilizing a follower to open the gate blocking the player from the antechamber exit above the first room. There is some controversy over the origin of the Vulcan species, and on whether their homeworld is actually their birth place, or if it was colonized some six million years ago. Original Published Date. Vulcans Throne is one of the more unusual summits of the Grand Canyon. The last time it erupted was between 1707 and 1708. Some magma contains as much as 75% silica (SiO2), whereas other magma contains as little as about 50%. A bomb is thrown at their auto but misses. Viscosity controls the type of volcano that forms. Domes can be active for decades or sometimes centuries. Glorious Revolution, events of 1688–89 that resulted in the deposition of English King James II and the accession of his daughter Mary II and her husband, William III, prince of Orange and stadholder of the Netherlands. The Uinkaret Plateau remains volcanically active. After the abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936, … If Starfleet was really going by only the best should apply humans and a lot of other species would not be in Starfleet. Medivh ("keeper of secrets" in Thalassian)[19] was the last Guardian of Tirisfal, an ancient line of protectors bestowed with great powers to do battle with the agents of the Burning Legion. Unlike the various sandstone and limestone buttes, temples and spires scattered across the canyon, Vulcans Throne is a cinder cone, with fresh volcanic rock spilling down its’ slopes into the Colorado River below. 1 History 2 Percy Jackson and the Olympians 2.1 The Battle of the Labyrinth 2.2 The Last Olympian 3 Gallery 4 Trivia As the Olympians moved westward to the United States, Mount Saint Helens replaced Mount Etna as the prison of Typhon. Large volcanic eruptions are more frequent than asteroid impacts of similar magnitude. The Uinkaret volcanic field is an active Pleistocene-Holocene volcanic field situated on the north rim of Grand Canyon. The Lava Falls flow at Vulcans Throne at Toroweap dropped its lava in the river about 72,000 years ago. These tall, cone-shaped volcanoes, such as Mount Rainier, Washington, and Mount Fuji, Japan, normally rise to a central peak and are built up by countless eruptions over hundreds of thousands of years. Vulcans are different from humans right down to their teeth. A "frozen" lava falls in the inner gorge of the Grand Canyon near mile Mile 183. - 2 German U-boats. Stratovolcanoes have moderately steep slopes and form by the accumulation of layer upon layer of intermediate-viscosity (andesite) lava flows, cinders, and ash, interspersed with deposits from volcanic mudflows (lahars) at lower elevations. View is to the northeast. More eruptions are inevitable, but it could be thousands of years before the next eruption adds its fiery decoration to this landscape. Not all magma is the same. The volcano is adjacent the Colorado River, (thousands of feet above the river) as it is the source material for Lava Falls and Lava Falls Rapids (Vulcan Rapids) one of the largest rapids of the Colorado. An army of four legions and approximately 20,000 auxiliaries, commanded by senator Aulus Plautius, landed at Richborough, Kent. The Romulans were a humanoid race from the planet Romulus. One can’t help but imagine what the tumult, steam and noise must have been like when the lava flowed into the canyon and made a natural dam on the Colorado River . The first volcanoes in the San Francisco Volcanic Field began to erupt about 6 million years ago, in an area where the town of Williams is now. It was once believed to be extinct. COMPILATION OF UNPUBLISHED ARIZONA K-Ar DATES FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA LABORATORY OF ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY, 1971-1991. The volcanism of New Zealand has been responsible for many of the country's geographical features, especially in the North Island and the country's outlying islands.. The Romans believed that eruptions on Mount Etna in Sicily were caused by Vulcan’s anger at Venus. The Vulcans detect The Phoenix's warp signature, not the ship itself. A bomb is thrown at their auto but misses. Read also: See Aston Martin Vulcans Erupt At Circuit Of The Americas; $11.5M Worth Of Aston Martin Vulcans Packed And Ready For Delivery; Aston Martin Vantage AMR … San Francisco Mountain is the only stratovolcano in the San Francisco Volcanic Field and was built by eruptions between about 1 and 0.4 million years ago. Last Updated. If small, these fragments of rock are called “cinders” and, if larger, “bombs.” As the fragments accumulate, they build a cone-shaped hill. The Vulcanalia was the annual festival held August 23 in his honor. The quakes measured magnitude 4.2 and magnitude 4.5; Katla typically awakens every 80 years or so and last … Instead, she put him in a volcano and told him to stay there for the rest of his young life. Vulcan's Throne is a cinder cone volcano and a prominent landmark on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States. The first wolf-pack attacks conducted personally by Adm Doenitz from onshore did not start for another year. The largest, Vulcan’s Throne, sits right on the edge of the 3,300 ft (1,006 m) deep inner gorge. Hiking info, trail maps, and 4 trip reports from Vulcans Throne (5,098 ft) in Arizona Once sufficient gas pressure has been released from the supply of magma, lava oozes quietly out to form a lava flow. Instead, the area includes both Arizona’s highest mountain—San Francisco Mountain, with peaks rising to 12,633 feet—and the State’s youngest volcano—Sunset Crater, which erupted less than 1,000 years ago and has been a National Monument since 1930. Large eruptions in past 10,000 years. The maps, reports, and other information and content on this website are provided as a public service for informational purposes only. Vulcan (Latin: Volcānus [wɔɫˈkaːnʊs] or Vulcānus [wʊɫˈkaːnʊs]) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth.He is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer. Prior to his marriage to the beautiful Venus, most of Vulcan’s troubles stemmed from his lack of attractiveness. The Terran Empire was a repressive interstellar government dominated by the Terrans from Earth in the mirror universe. 1633 C.E. (USGS Fact Sheet 002-97), Volcanoes (USGS General Interest Publication 94-0195), Volcanoes of Northern Arizona: Sleeping Giants of the Grand Canyon Region by Wendell Duffield (Grand Canyon Association, 1997), See a list of other volcano-related fact sheets published by the U.S. Geological Survey, Download a free copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader, For more information contact: U.S. Geological Survey 2255 N Gemini Dr. Flagstaff, AZ 86001 (928) 556-7148, or U.S. Forest Service Coconino National Forest, Peaks Ranger District 5075 N. Highway 89 Flagstaff, AZ 86004 (928) 526-0866 Visit the Coconino National Forest website, Learn more about volcanoes and the hazards they pose at the USGS Volcano Hazards Program website, For questions about the content of this fact sheet, contact Sue Priest, other volcano-related fact sheets published by the U.S. Geological Survey. As their level of technology improved, the Vulcans' violent nature threatened the species with extinction. 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